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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Thomas H. Batzer, Wayne R. Call
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 8 | Number 1 | July 1985 | Pages 1281-1283
Impurity Control and Vacuum Technology | Proceedings of the Sixth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (San Francisco, California, March 3-7, 1985) | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A39944
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To predict the leak rates of liquid helium and liquid nitrogen containers at operating conditions we need to know how small leaks (10−8 to 10−5 atm-cm3 air/s), measured at standard conditions, behave when flooded with these cryogens. Two small leaks were measured at ambient conditions (∼750 Torr and 295 K), at the normal boiling points of LN2 and LHe, and at elevated pressures above the liquids. The ratios of the leak rates of the liquids at ambient pressure to the gases (G) at ambient pressure and room temperature were: The leak rate ratio of LN2 at elevated pressure was linear with pressure. The leak rate ratio of LHe at elevated pressure was also linear with pressure.