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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Jinglin Huang, Yansong Liu, Kai Du, Zhibing He, Yongjian Tang
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 71 | Number 2 | February 2017 | Pages 187-195
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST15-237
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
High-Z (Z is an atomic number) metals are often deposited on hollow glass or polymer microspheres to improve the implosion efficiency of targets in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Smooth and crack-free thick tungsten coatings on glow discharge polymer shells have been deposited via copper doping by direct-current magnetron sputtering. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a white light interferometer were used to characterize the microstructure, composition, phase evolution, and surface roughness of tungsten coatings. The copper atoms with appropriate amounts were found to form a supersaturated solid solution with tungsten, which can serve to refine the grains of these coatings and to smooth their surface. Copper atoms in tungsten coatings were also found to stabilize the metastable β-phase W. This β-phase W is believed to play a key role in the evolution of the size and morphology of the grains of tungsten coatings. This may become a probable method to fabricate high-Z coated targets via doping.