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2025 ANS Annual Conference
June 15–18, 2025
Chicago, IL|Chicago Marriott Downtown
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
D. R. Harding, D. Whitaker, C. Fella
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 70 | Number 2 | August-September 2016 | Pages 173-183
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST15-211
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The accepted mechanism for the formation of a deuterium-tritium (D-T) ice layer is that mass evaporates (sublimes) from the warmer regions of the shell and deposits in the cooler regions. Recent observations of the early-stage formation of single-crystal ice layers in OMEGA targets show that the rate and direction of crystal growth are influenced by liquid wicking to the crystal growth surface. This behavior is attributed to the ice-liquid interface possessing a lower surface energy than the ice-vapor interface, and the amount of liquid transported by this process is determined by the size, position, and growth rate of the initial seed crystal. Appreciating this behavior allowed us to define an improved cooling ramp that balances the rate at which heat was removed from the target with the supply of liquid to the crystal growth surface. The time and temperature parameters used to form a seed crystal and then grow the crystal into a complete ice layer are presented. One benefit of this process may be fewer defects in the ice layer. The target was cooled to 0.6 K below the temperature where it was formed before strain-induced crystallographic features developed. An estimate of the extent of fractionation of D2, D-T, and T2 isotopes during the freezing cycle was based on the thickness uniformity of the ice layer and how the crystal grew. The region where the ice layer initially formed was 4% thinner than the region where its formation was complete. The alignment of this perturbation to the ice layer with the growth axis of the crystal suggests, to a first-order approximation, that the area of the crystal that first formed possessed a higher fraction (~4%) of tritium atoms.