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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Xiong Yifu, Song Jiangfeng, Luo Deli, Lei Qianghua, Chen Chang’an
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 67 | Number 3 | April 2015 | Pages 647-649
Proceedings of TRITIUM 2013 | doi.org/10.13182/FST14-T101
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
TiN+TiC+TiN multiple films are deposited on the surface of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel by ion-beam assisted deposition technology. The characteristics of films are tested by XPS, SEM and XRD, which showed that the film are compact and uniform with a thickness of about 15μm, and have a good adherence with the substrate below 773 K. The diffraction peaks in the XRD patterns for TiC and TiN are broadened, implying that the multiple films are deposited on the surface of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel. Meanwhile, the C-H bonded CH4-appears in the infrared spectra of multiple films, suggesting that the CH4- is in a static state, so hydrogen atom cannot migrate from the site bonded with carbon to a neighboring site. The deuterium permeability in 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel coated with multiple films is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that in pure 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel substrate from 473 K to 773 K.