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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Robert Michling, Adalbert Braun, Ion Cristescu, Helmut Dittrich, Manfred Glugla, Nando Gramlich, Nancy Lohr, Wataru Shu, Scott Willms
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 67 | Number 3 | April 2015 | Pages 483-486
Proceedings of TRITIUM 2013 | doi.org/10.13182/FST14-T60
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Highly tritiated water (HTW) may be generated at ITER by various processes and, due to the excessive radio toxicity, the self-radiolysis and the exceedingly corrosive property of HTW, a potential hazard is associated with its storage and process. Therefore, the capture and exchange method for HTW utilizing Molecular Sieve Beds (MSB) was investigated in view of adsorption capacity, isotopic exchange performance and process parameters. For the MSB, different types of zeolite were selected. All zeolite materials were additionally platinized. The following work comprised the selection of the most efficient zeolite candidate based on detailed parametric studies during the H2/D2O laboratory scale exchange experiments (~25 g zeolite per bed) at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK). For the zeolite, characterization analytical techniques such as Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetry and online mass spectrometry were implemented. Followed by further investigation of the selected zeolite catalyst under full technical operation, a MSB (~22 kg zeolite) was processed with hydrogen flow rates up to 60 mol h-1 and deuterated water loads up to 1.6 kg in view of later ITER processing of arising HTW.
