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Radium sources yield cancer-fighting Ac-225 in IAEA program
The International Atomic Energy Agency has reported that, to date, 14 countries have made 14 transfers of disused radium to be recycled for use in advanced cancer treatments under the agency’s Global Radium-226 Management Initiative. Through this initiative, which was launched in 2021, legacy radium-226 from decades-old medical and industrial sources is used to produce actinium-225 radiopharmaceuticals, which have shown effectiveness in the treatment of patients with breast and prostate cancer and certain other cancers.
Ronald D. Boyd
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 67 | Number 4 | May 2015 | Pages 745-753
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST14-813
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A hypervapotron is an excellent candidate for single-side high heat flux removal (HHFR). Hypervapotron HHFR is accomplished by subcooled two-phase flow boiling and conjugate heat transfer involving efficient vapor generation, channeling, and condensation. To characterize additional optimal operating characteristics effectively using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and/or experimental approaches (and/or design approaches), knowledge of the hypervapotron controlling parameters is essential for timely identification of enhancements to the HHFR configuration. To that end, three high heat flux–side controlling parameters and a characteristic temperature difference have been identified. These parameters include the effects of conjugate heat transfer, two-dimensional channel-wall dimensionless aspect ratios, and the characteristic temperature difference. Finally, these parameters may be useful in CFD (and experimental and/or design approaches) studies for optimizing HHFR and thermal protection in fusion and aerospace systems.