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North American construction is back—smaller and faster—at OPG’s Darlington
“The nuclear renaissance is real here,” said Ontario Power Generation’s Subo Sinnathamby on May 8, one year to the day after OPG secured a final investment decision to build the first of four planned BWRX-300 reactors at its Darlington nuclear power plant, and shortly after the new reactor’s foundation was lifted into place. “We got our license to construct in April and our [final investment decision] in May, and we’ve been off to the races since.”
Alexey Golubev, Yuri Balashov, Sergey Mavrin, Valentina Golubeva, Dan Galeriu
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 67 | Number 2 | March 2015 | Pages 349-352
Proceedings of TRITIUM 2013 | doi.org/10.13182/FST14-T27
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Washout coefficient Λ is widely used as a parameter in washout models. These models describes overall HTO washout with rain by the first-order kinetic equation, while washout coefficient Λ depends on the type of rain event and rain intensity and empirical parameters a, b. It was shown recently that variations of published data of washout coefficient are significant. Thus Λ = 10−4 sec−1 for the light rain event (∼ 1 mm-hour−1) while Λ = 10−3 sec−1 for heavy rain (∼ 25 mm-hour−1). Canadian standard recommends washout coefficient of 1.8-10−4 sec−1, German standard gives 3.5-10−5sec−1, while published Japan data varies from Λ = (7.3 ± 4.1)-10−5 sec−1 at 2 mm hour−1 to Λ = 4.6-10−4 sec−1 for the same rain intensity. This means that further investigations of HTO washout process are required. One of the issues is determining the useful relationship between macroscopic parameter of HTO washout Λ and microscopic HTO exchange rate of HTO molecules in atmosphere and in the raindrop water. Approaches to address this issue have been presented elsewhere. It can be shown that the empirical parameters a, b can be represented through the rain event characteristics using the relationships for molecular impact rate, rain intensity and specific rain water content while washout coefficient can be represented through the exchange rate K, rain intensity, raindrop diameter and terminal raindrop velocity.