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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
S. W. Yoon, A. C. England, W. C. Kim, H. Yonekawa, J. G. Bak, B. H. Park, J. Kim, K. I. You, Y. M. Jeon, S. H. Hahn, Y. K. Oh, J. Chung, K. D. Lee, H. J. Lee, J. A. Leuer, and N. W. Eidietis
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 65 | Number 3 | May 2014 | Pages 372-383
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-706
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
KSTAR has a nonlinear magnetic material, INCOLOY® alloy 908 (Incoloy), in toroidal field and poloidal field (PF) coil systems. The effect of Incoloy on the magnetic configuration for the plasma initiation was investigated with systematic magnetic field measurements, finite element model (FEM) calculations, and in situ measurements of the magnetic properties. The profile of the vertical field near the field-null center was measured with a vertically movable electron beam (e-beam) probe and Hall sensor arrays in addition to pickup coils in the vacuum vessel. The measured profiles of the additional fields from Incoloy in the PF coils are in good agreement with the FEM calculations. In a typical KSTAR startup configuration, the effect of Incoloy is significant. First, it degrades the connection length significantly due to an additional vertical field in the field-null region, and second, it changes the radial and vertical stabilities by modifying the radial gradient of the vertical field. Initial up-down asymmetry measurements of the vertical fields showed very small static error fields from the PF coils. Calculations suggest that the main sources of the measured downshift of the plasma column are asymmetric eddy currents in the cryostat.