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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
Takuro Honda, Takashi Okazaki, Yasushi Seki, Isao Aoki, Tomoaki Kunugi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 1 | September 1996 | Pages 95-103
Technical Paper | Safety and Environmental Aspect | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30766
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Dust production due to plasma disruptions has been investigated using a safety analysis code, which can calculate the plasma dynamics and thermal characteristics of fusion reactor structures simultaneously. We selected two fusion reactor designs in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), i.e., the Engineering Design Activity (EDA) and the Conceptual Design Activity (CDA). The ITER/EDA will adopt beryllium for the plasma-facing component (PFC), and the ITER/CDA adopted graphite for PFC. The beryllium dust production in the ITER/EDA reactor will range from 7.0 to 10.3 kg/disruption, which strongly depends on vapor shield effects. The carbon dust production in the ITER/CDA reactor will range from 1.9 to 2.4 kg/disruption. However, the carbon dust will increase by as much as a factor of 2 to 5 because the effective latent heat of graphite has a large uncertainty under the extremely high heat flux during disruptions. For both, dust production from the first wall depends on the current quench time during disruptions. If the current quench time can be extended, the beryllium dust from the first wall will be minimized, and the carbon dust from there will be negligible.