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As Nuclear News has done since 2022, we have compiled a review of the nuclear news that filled headlines and sparked conversations in the year just completed. Departing from the chronological format of years past, we open with the most impactful news of 2025: a survey of actions and orders of the Trump administration that are reshaping nuclear research, development, deployment, and commercialization. We then highlight some of the top news in nuclear restarts, new reactor testing programs, the fuel supply chain and broader fuel cycle, and more.
Raffaele Albanese, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Enzo Coccorese, Francesco Carlo Morabito, Alfredo Pironti, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Stefano Scala
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 2 | November 1996 | Pages 167-183
Technical Paper | Special Section: Plasma Control Issues for Tokamaks / Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30749
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A linear model for feedback control of the plasma position and shape in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) is discussed. A model of the poloidal field (PF) system and of the disturbances is first derived. The main task of the control system is to avoid any contact of the hot plasma with the wall during the long duration of the burn phase. For this purpose, the control variables are specified as six gaps between the plasma separatrix and the first wall, including divertor channels. The structure model includes PF coils, vacuum vessel, first wall, backplate, and divertor fins, and it refers to the TAC-4 outline design ITER geometry. A multivariable controller is designed using the optimal linear quadratic approach. The simulation of the closed-loop system shows how the plasma shape is recovered: Step gap variations of 15 cm and poloidal beta drops of 0.2 are considered as disturbances. The performance parameters are voltages and currents in the PF coils and gap recovery time; voltage saturation of the actuators is also taken into account.