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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Akito Takahashi, Toshiyuki Iida, Hiroyuki Miyamaru, Morio Fukuhara
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 27 | Number 1 | January 1995 | Pages 71-85
Technical Paper | Nuclear Reaction in Solid | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30351
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Worldwide cold fusion experiments have given anomalous results with regard to levels of kilo-electronvolts per atom excess heat, 4He generation, level of emission of neutrons and tritons with a 10−4 to 10−7 neutron-to-triton yield ratio, and emission of high-energy charged particles, which cannot be explained by the known d + d fusion process. A previously proposed multibody deuteron fusion model in solids is elaborated further to explain these anomalous results. A transient dynamics in metal deutendes is proposed to generate close pairs and clusters of deuterons with time-dependent deep atomic potential inducing a strong screening effect on Coulomb barrier penetration. Very approximate numerical estimations of reaction rates for the competing 2D, 3D, and 4D fusion processes in PdDx and TiDx are obtained with high-level reaction rates enough to explain observed heat levels. Decay channels of virtual compound states, i.e., 4He*, 5Li*, 6Li*, 7Be*, and 8Be* by 2D, H + 2D, 3D, H + 3D, and 4D fusions, are discussed in detail to know the nuclear products. Major generation of 4He by H + 2D, 3D, H + 3D, and 4D processes are concluded. Identification of particle types and their specific released kinetic energies is given to explain measured charged-particle spectra by deuteron beam implantation experiments.