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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
R. W. Moir
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 25 | Number 2 | March 1994 | Pages 129-136
Technical Paper | Energy Conversion | doi.org/10.13182/FST94-A30262
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A beam direct converter of the Kyoto type, which uses magnetic separation of the D+ and D− leaving the neutralizer, is adapted to a Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory concept of a neutral-beam injector for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, which used electrostatic separation of the D+ and D−. Among the advantages of a direct converter over an ordinary beam dump for the residual D+ and D− beam leaving the neutralizer is that the power density on the beam dump is reduced by a large factor, making heat removal easier. Further, “soft landing” virtually eliminates deuterium-deuterium neutron production on the dump electrodes, a particular advantage in the development stage. In addition, the total power consumed is less. This paper addresses the technological obstacle to feasibility, which is holding the large voltage (+1.6 and −1.6 MV for a 1.6-MeV neutral beam). The electrode system in the present design uses 15 grading electrodes around each 1.6 MV collector with 100 kV between them. Each grading electrode is subdivided into two. The total stored energy is 260 J (4 J per electrode) and an average of 10 kV/cm on the insulators. The calculated efficiency is 92%.