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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Kazunobu Nagasaki, Motoyasu Sato, Masashi Iima, Sakuji Kobayashi, Kinzo Sakamoto, Hideki Zushi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 25 | Number 4 | July 1994 | Pages 419-427
Technical Paper | Plasma Heating System | doi.org/10.13182/FST94-A30248
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new high-power electron cyclotron heating system has been installed for the Heliotron-E helical device. This system is designed to operate at 106-GHz frequency with a half-megawatt output power. The system consists of a pulse gyrotron with TE12,2 whispering gallery mode (WGM) output, conversion system of the WGM into the Gaussianlike beam, transmission line for HE11 mode, and launching system. From measurement of radiation patterns, it was confirmed that the WGM was effectively converted into the Gaussianlike beam, and the emergent radiation profile from the tubular oversized corrugated waveguide was close to a circular Gaussian one even when the beam coupled to the HE11 mode had the side lobes before the transmission. This indicates that the oversized corrugated waveguides act as a mode filter. The launching system effectively focuses the Gaussian beam in the free space to a 2-cm (poloidal) × 3-cm (toroidal) e-folding power spot size. These are small enough compared with the plasma minor radius (∼15 cm). It is expected that the power deposition can be well localized in the plasma central region.