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As Nuclear News has done since 2022, we have compiled a review of the nuclear news that filled headlines and sparked conversations in the year just completed. Departing from the chronological format of years past, we open with the most impactful news of 2025: a survey of actions and orders of the Trump administration that are reshaping nuclear research, development, deployment, and commercialization. We then highlight some of the top news in nuclear restarts, new reactor testing programs, the fuel supply chain and broader fuel cycle, and more.
R. W. Moir, R. L. Bieri, X. M. Chen, T. J. Dolan, M. A. Hoffman, P. A. House, R. L. Leber, J. D. Lee, Y. T. Lee, J. C. Liu, G. R. Longhurst, W. R. Meier, P. F. Peterson, R. W. Petzoldt, V. E. Schrock, M. T. Tobin, W. H. Williams
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 25 | Number 1 | January 1994 | Pages 5-25
Technical Paper | Fusion Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/FST94-A30234
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Enhanced safety and performance improvements have been made to the liquid-wall HYLIFE reactor, yielding the current HYLIFE-II conceptual design. Liquid lithium has been replaced with a neutronically thick array of flowing molten-salt jets (Li2BeF4 or Flibe), which will not burn, has a low tritium solubility and inventory, and protects the chamber walls, giving a robust design with a 30-yr lifetime. The tritium inventory is 0.5 g in the molten salt and 140 g in the metal of the tube walls, where it is less easily released. The 5-MJ driver is a recirculating induction accelerator estimated to cost $570 million (direct costs). Heavy-ion targets yield 350 MJ, six times per second, to produce 940 MW of electrical power for a cost of 6.5¢/kW·h. Both larger and smaller yields are possible with correspondingly lower and higher pulse rates. When scaled up to 1934 MW(electric), the plant design has a calculated cost of electricity of 4.5¢/kW · h. The design did not take into account potential improved plant availability and lower operations and maintenance costs compared with conventional power plant experience, resulting from the liquid wall protection. Such improvements would directly lower the electricity cost figures. For example, if the availability can be raised from the conservatively assumed 75% to 85% and the annual cost of component replacement, operations, and maintenance can be reduced from 6% to 3% of direct cost, the cost of electricity would drop to 5.0 and 3.9¢/kW·h for 1- and 2-GW(electric) cases.