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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
Gerasimos Tinios, Steve F. Horne, Ian H. Hutchinson, Stephen M. Wolfe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 24 | Number 4 | December 1993 | Pages 355-365
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST93-A30186
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The problem of reducing a complicated electromagnetic passive structure model coupled to a linear plasma response model to a size that allows rapid calculations of gains for plasma position and shape control is discussed. Model reduction through eigenmode decomposition does not reproduce the input-to-output relationship of the system unless one has a good idea of which eigenmodes are important. Hankel singular mode decomposition, on the other hand, provides an orthogonal basis for the system response, where the modes are ordered by their importance to the input-to-output relationship. A perturbed equilibrium plasma response model is used together with an electromagnetic model of the Alcator C-Mod passive structure to assess the performance of different model reduction schemes. Between 10 and 20 modes are required to give an adequate representation of the passive system. Emphasis is placed on keeping the reduction process independent of the parameters of the plasma to be controlled.