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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
A. Kumar, M.A. Abdou, M.Z. Youssef, Y. Ikeda, C. Konno, Y. Oyama, K. Kosako, F. Maekawa, H. Maekawa
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 3 | May 1992 | Pages 2180-2189
Blanket Shield and Neutronic | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A30043
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Measurements of long-lived radioactivity are required to generate reliable data-base for qualifying fusion materials for reactor applications. However, long half lives necessitate intense 14 MeV neutron source, long irradiation time, long cooling time, and long counting time under low background. A 32h12m long irradiation, at mean source neutron intensity of 1.13 × 1012 n/s, was carried out on a number of foil packages kept near rotating neutron taiget source at FNS under USDOE/JAERI collaborative program in June 1989. Four identical foil packages were kept at 0, 45, 90, and ∼115 degrees to the d+ beam. Each package contained foils of Ag, Al, Dy, Hf, 151Eu, 153Eu, Hf, Ho, Ir, Mo, Re, Tb, and W. The objective was to measure decay γ radioactivity from 108mAg, 26Al, 158Tb, 152Eu, 150Eu, 94Nb, 186mRe, 178m2Hf, 192mIr, and 166mHo, among others. The half lives of these products range from 13.3y (152Eu) to 0.72My (26Al). These foils were interspersed with dosimetric foils of Nb and Zr. An estimated average fluence of ∼0.83 × 1015 n/cm2 (range: 0.47–1.65.1015 n/cm2) was obtained for the foil-package at zero degree. After cooling times ranging from 1.3 to 2 years, γ-spectroscopy of some of these foils has been completed. Analysis of measurements, done on foil package at zero degree, has been carried out using four radioactivity codes, REAC-2, DKRICF, ACT4 (THIDA-2), and RACC. REAC-2 is the only code that has data for most of the observed products; RACC has data for Al, Mo and W products only. Ratio of computed to experimentally measured activities varies from 4.10−5 to 377. Major update of all four cross-section libraries is recommended as waste classification of many fusion specific materials is likely to change dramatically.
