ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Oct 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
November 2025
Nuclear Technology
October 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Russia withdraws from 25-year-old weapons-grade plutonium agreement
Russia’s lower house of Parliament, the State Duma, approved a measure to withdraw from a 25-year-old agreement with the United States to cut back on the leftover plutonium from Cold War–era nuclear weapons.
A. E. Hechanova, M. S. Kazimi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 3 | May 1992 | Pages 1880-1886
Plasma-Facing Component | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29993
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A divertor composed of beryllium-coated copper tubes was analyzed for lifetime performance for near-term tokamaks. The thermal hydraulic analysis revealed the need for enhancing coolant heat transfer in order to avoid boiling in the water-cooled tube. The insertion of twisted tapes at the strike points was found to increase the heat transfer coefficient by more than 90 percent (from 59 to 113 kW/m2-K) and allow a 3 mm thick beryllium armor to remain below the desirable safety limit of 1073 K. Under normal operation, sputtering was estimated to result in an erosion rate of 0.0027 mm per 200-s pulse. Hard thermal quenches (plasma disruptions) were found to be the critical life-limiting divertor issue since up to 0.3 mm of beryllium could be vaporized per disruption event. This would require armor regeneration after 10 such disruptions. An analysis of the copper tube stresses suggests that primary and secondary stresses remain below their allowable limits under normal operations provided the ends of the plate are not restrained and allow for expansion.