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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
A. Mack, D. Perinić, D. Murdoch, J.-C. Boissin
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 2 | March 1992 | Pages 902-908
Material; Storage and Processing | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29865
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
At the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre (KfK) cryopumping techniques are being investigated by which the gaseous exhausts from the NET/ITER reactor can be pumped out during the burn-and dwell-times. Cryosorption and cryotrapping are techniques which are suitable for this task. It is the target of the investigations to test the techniques under NET/ITER conditions and to determine optimum design data for a proto-type. They involve measurement of the pumping speed as a function of the gas composition, gas flow and loading condition of the pump surfaces. The following parameters are subjected to variations: Ar/He ratio, specific helium volume flow rate, cryosurface temperature, process gas composition, impurities in argon trapping gas, three-stage operation and two-stage operation. This paper is a description of the experiments on argon trapping techniques started in 1990.1, 2 Eleven tests as well as the results derived from them are described. The general potential of helium cryotrapping by argon was shown, but there are several important issues which must be taken into account before a pumping concept for reactor operation will be chosen. These include backstreaming of argon in the two-stage option, the tolerance of the pump to impurities in the argon cryotrapping gas and pressure instabilities at high helium flowrates.