ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Division Spotlight
Mathematics & Computation
Division members promote the advancement of mathematical and computational methods for solving problems arising in all disciplines encompassed by the Society. They place particular emphasis on numerical techniques for efficient computer applications to aid in the dissemination, integration, and proper use of computer codes, including preparation of computational benchmark and development of standards for computing practices, and to encourage the development on new computer codes and broaden their use.
Meeting Spotlight
2025 ANS Annual Conference
June 15–18, 2025
Chicago, IL|Chicago Marriott Downtown
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jun 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
July 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
W. Brian Clarke, Roland M. Clarke
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 21 | Number 2 | March 1992 | Pages 170-175
Technical Notes on Cold Fusion | doi.org/10.13182/FST92-A29738
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A search is described for 3He, 4He, and tritium produced when D2 is absorbed by titanium sponge, or released when titanium deuteride is heated. The D2 is prepared from pre-nuclear-era D2O, which has a tritium/deuterium (T/D) ratio of 1.8 × 10−15. Two reservoirs of titanium sponge in a vacuum system attached to the inlet line of a mass spectrometer are heated to allow rapid transfer of D2 from one sponge to the other. Significant amounts of 3He and 4He are released only after the deuterium content is increased to reach TiD1.5 in one sponge. Then 3He and 4He are decreased as the D2 is transferred back and forth. When the titanium is loaded to a composition of TiD2.0, 3He and 4He increase during the next two transfers, then decrease. When the D2 is replaced by H2, then D2-H2 (1:1), 3He and 4He decrease steadily, indicating that the transfer process causes partial release of 3He and 4He trapped in the titanium. This view is supported by the fact that all fractions appear to have a constant 3He/4He ratio of 3.0 × 10−7. We believe that this helium is introduced from the cover gas used during the manufacture of the titanium sponge and that it has nothing to do with cold fusion. Assuming that the appropriate time is the transfer time of ∼1 h, the following upper limits are calculated: 1.4 × 10−21 fusion/d-d · s−1 for d + d = 3He + n, and 2.0 × 10−15 fusion/d-d · s−1 for d + d = 4He. The limit for the 3He channel is in agreement with the value of 10−23 fusion/d-d · s−1. After a series of transfers, the D2 is sealed in a container made of low-helium-permeability glass. After a decay time of 1.5 yr, tritium is assayed by measurement of 3He. The T/D ratio is found to be 6.4 × 10−15, significantly higher than T/D in the D2O. At present, because the possibility of tritium contamination cannot be eliminated, the excess tritium is viewed as an upper limit f or production by cold fusion. Assuming that the appropriate time is the total transfer time of 16 h, an upper limit is obtained for d + d = t + p of 1.6 × 10−19 fusion/d-d · s−1. Assuming that the appropriate time is the time D2 was resident in either titanium sponge, 360 h, the upper limit is 7 × 10−21 fusion/d-d · s−1. These limits are not in agreement with a rate of ∼10−14 fusion/d-d · s−1.