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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
I.N. Sviatoslavsky, J.P. Blanchard, Y. Gohar, S. Majumdar
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 1552-1557
ITER | Proceedings of the Ninth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Oak Brook, Illinois, October 7-11, 1990) | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29562
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The solid breeder blanket has been chosen as the first option for ITER, with three of the four participating international groups submitting designs utilizing solid breeding materials. This paper describes the design submitted by the U.S. group. The ITER chamber will have both inboard and outboard blankets. The outboard side is divided into 48 modules, three per TF sector, where one central module fits between TF coils and two side modules fit partially within the coils. The central module is divided into an upper and lower segment leaving space at the midplane for penetrations. These penetrations include spaces for test modules, neutral beams and RF heating units. The two side modules extend the full height of the reactor. The inboard side is divided into 32 modules with each module separated into three electrically insulated front zones. A slab configuration is used within the blanket, where Be zones are interleaved with thin LiO2 solid breeder zones and water coolant panels. In the outboard blanket the first wall and coolant panels have toroidal channels while the inboard blanket has poloidal channels. The first wall has to be designed to be capable of withstanding the pressure generated by plasma disruptions. An independent coolant loop is used for the first wail while the blanket and shield are integrated into another loop.