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2025 ANS Annual Conference
June 15–18, 2025
Chicago, IL|Chicago Marriott Downtown
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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
R. Durrer, T.A. Parish, G. Schlapper, R. Carrera
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 1337-1341
Result of Large Experiment and Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29528
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The IGNITEX experiment is being designed to study the physics of ignited plasmas. Over the service lifetime of the device (two years), it is expected to be pulsed 2,000 times with each pulse producing 150 MW of DT fusion power for approximately five seconds. Neutrons from each pulse will activate the magnet structure, liquid nitrogen in the cryostat and test cell air. Radioactive effluents from IGNITEX will primarily result from activated air, activated liquid nitrogen, and tritium. To provide a perspective for evaluating the doses resulting from the gaseous effluents from IGNITEX, the doses from the gaseous effluents from a 1 MW fission research reactor were also calculated.For both facilities, the primary effluents are airborne. Two dose receptor locations were assumed. The first was taken to be the building nearest to the facility and it was taken to be 400 m distant. The second was the nearest residence and it was taken to be 1.2 km distant. For the dose calculations, the air stability was assumed to be neutral and the dose receptors were assumed to be in the direction of a 4.5 m/sec prevailing wind. All releases were taken to be at ground level. The equations used to calculate the annual doses were taken from Regulatory Guide 1.109. The gaseous effluents from IGNITEX were assumed to consist of 41Ar, 13N, 16N, 14C, and 3H. Effluents from the fission research reactor consisted of 41Ar, gaseous and semi-volatile fission products. Each facility's dose was compared to the 10CFR50 Appendix I limits. In each dose category, with the exception of the thyroid dose the dose resulting from the operation of IGNITEX were more than that of the fission reactor. The increased doses were due primarily to the activated nitrogen releases.
