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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
K.H. Bang, J.J. MacFarlane, J.J. Barry, M.L. Corradini
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 716-720
Inertial Fusion | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29429
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Condensation within rapidly expanding metal vapors has been experimentally investigated by exploding wires in a test chamber filled with helium or argon at various pressures (10 millitorr to 760 torr). Lead and silver wires were vaporized using a 5.0 kV, 15.4 - 500 µF capacitor discharge system. It was observed that the metal vapor prefers to condense as droplets with a resulting fog or aerosol cloud as opposed to surface condensation. The debris analysis showed that the resulting aerosol particles were spherical and the size ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 microns, suggesting the vapor condensed by homogeneous nucleation. The time-dependent conditions of the expanding vapor were simulated using a 1-D hydrodynamics code. The calculations indicate that the vapor quickly becomes super-saturated due to expansion cooling. The implications of our results for nucleate condensation in ICF target chambers are also discussed.