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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Harold N. Barr, Fred Hittman, Robert D. Brown, Frank W. Clinard, Jr., Manuel R. Lopez, Horace Martinez, Tobias J. Romero, Jay H. Cook
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 17 | Number 3 | May 1990 | Pages 385-390
Technical Paper | Materials Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST90-A29215
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Ceramic-to-metal seals were prepared by sputtering a titanium metallizing layer onto ceramic disks and then brazing to metal tubes. The ceramics used were alumina, MACOR, spinel, A ION, and a mixture of Al2O3 and Si3N4, Except for the MACOR, which was brazed to a titanium tube, the ceramics were brazed to niobium tubes. The seals were leak tested and then sent to Los Alamos National Laboratory, where they were irradiated using the spallation neutron source at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility. Following irradiation for ∼90 days to a fluence of 3.8 × 1023 n/m2, the samples were moved to hot cells and again leak tested. Only the MACOR samples showed any measurable leaks. One set of samples was then pressurized to 6.9 MPa (1000 psi) and subsequently leak tested. No leaks were found. Bursting the seals required hydrostatic pressures of at least 34 MPa (5000 psi). The high seal strength and few leaks indicate that ceramic-to-metal seals can resist radiation-induced degradation.