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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Ljubomir Nikolic, Milos M. Skoric, Seiji Ishiguro, Tetsuya Sato
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 3 | May 2003 | Pages 359-365
Technical Paper | Targets and Target Protection During Injection | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A279
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Propagation of a laser light through regions of an underdense plasma is an active research topic in laser fusion. In particular, a large effort has been invested in studies of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), which can reflect laser energy and produce energetic particles to preheat a fusion energy target. Experiments, theory, and simulations agree on a complex interplay between various laser-plasma instabilities. By particle-in-cell simulations of an underdense electron plasma, apart from the standard SRS, a strong backscattering was found near the electron plasma frequency at densities beyond the quarter critical. This novel instability, recognized in recent experiments as stimulated laser scattering on a trapped electron-acoustic mode (SEAS), is absent from a classical theory of laser-parametric instabilities. A parametric excitation of SEAS instability is explained by a three-wave resonant decay of the incident laser light into a standing backscattered wave and a slow trapped electron-acoustic wave ([omega] < [omega]p). Large SEAS pulsations, eventually suppressed by relativistic heating of electrons, are observed in these simulations. This phenomenon seems relevant to future hohlraum target and fast ignition experiments.