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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Jon Streit, Diana Schroen
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 3 | May 2003 | Pages 321-326
Technical Paper | Targets and Target Protection During Injection | doi.org/10.13182/FST43-321
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An overview of the present status of development of a hollow foam shell designed to produce high yields when used in a krypton fluoride inertial fusion energy (IFE) reactor is presented. Prototype shells have been produced from a 100 mg/cm3 density CH foam with an ~4-mm diameter and 300 m wall thickness. A triple-orifice droplet generator was used to form the shells using solutions of an internal water phase, an oil phase (divinylbenzene monomer, dibutyl phthalate solvent, and a radical initiator), and an external water phase. The lowest percent of nonconcentricity measured for a completed shell was 3%, and the lowest average percent of nonconcentricity for a batch of shells was 7%. A technique to overcoat the shells with a 1- to 5-m-thick full-density polymer layer using an interfacial polycondensation reaction is being developed. Methods to further optimize dimensions to produce shells that meet IFE specifications are also discussed.