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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Mukio Fukuhara
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 1 | January 2003 | Pages 128-133
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A254
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
From symmetric meson theory, the formation of helium nucleus from two deuterons, i.e., fusion, requires necessarily a direct force due to exchange of two neutral pions, which do not actually compose the deuteron nucleus. The neutral pions are provided by two photons, which are produced by emission of excited collective electrons derived from the palladium atoms. The introduction of the pions makes it possible to reduce remarkably an internuclear distance, enhancing the fusion rate for helium formation. The dynamic interaction is interpreted as the result of condensation of deuterons into octahedral interstitial sites by electrolysis and contraction of the deuteron octahedra around the Pd10- atom with the help of the electron-phonon charge-density wave coupling.