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Russia withdraws from 25-year-old weapons-grade plutonium agreement
Russia’s lower house of Parliament, the State Duma, approved a measure to withdraw from a 25-year-old agreement with the United States to cut back on the leftover plutonium from Cold War–era nuclear weapons.
William R. Sutton III, Dieter J. Sigmar+, George H. Miley
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 7 | Number 3 | May 1985 | Pages 374-390
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A24557
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An alpha-driven fast magnetosonic wave instability is investigated in tokamak plasmas for propagation transverse to the external magnetic field at frequencies several times the alpha gyrorate. A two-dimensional differential quasi-linear diffusion equation is derived in cylindrical υ⊥-υ∥ geometry. The quasi-linear diffusion coefficients in the small parameter k∥/k⊥ are expanded and the problem is reduced to one dimension by integrating out the υ∥ dependence. Reactor relevant information is obtained using data from the one-dimensional formulation in a 1½-dimensional tokamak transport code. Contour plots of the alpha threshold fraction are used to identify the instability regions in the ne-Ti plane. Alpha/background electron fractions as low as 10−6 to 10−4 may trigger the instability. For a typical reactor-size tokamak, an enhancement of the fraction of the alpha energy transferred to ions by as much as 1.5 can occur for Ti = Te at 7 keV. Still, due to the rapid equilibration of electron and ion temperatures, a < 1 to 2% increase in fusion power occurs overall.