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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Hiroshi Horiike, Masato Akiba, Masanori Araki, Masaaki Kuriyama, Shinzaburo Matsuda, Mamoru Matsuoka, Yoshihiro Ohara, Yoshikazu Okumura, Kiyoshi Shibanuma, Shigeru Tanaka
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 7 | Number 2 | March 1985 | Pages 171-179
Technical Paper | Plasma Heating System | doi.org/10.13182/FST85-A24532
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Countermeasures against mechanical warpage of the extraction electrode for the JT-60 ion source were studied experimentally. A conventional plasma electrode, consisting of a single thin plate, exhibited unacceptably large deflections during long-pulse operation at extraction power levels exceeding 75 kV, 35 A. To measure the deflection characteristics of this electrode, hot water was circulated in the electrode cooling channels. Results from this test showed that an unacceptably large warpage occurs at temperatures moderately below the operation temperature. To suppress warpage, two modified electrodes were fabricated and tested. In the first design, the electrode was stiffened by adding material at the edges of the aperture area. In the second design, constraints on the thermal expansion of the aperture area were released by segmenting the aperture area and joining them to the stiff electrode frame through a bellows. Both designs successfully reduced electrode deflection and were used to extract 100-kV, 40-A, 10-s beams. These tests provided a measure of the permissible deflection level of the plasma electrode.