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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
C. C. Tsai, G. C. Barber, C. W. Blue, W. K. Dagenhart, W. L. Gardner H. H. Haselton, D. J. Hoffman, E. F. Marguerat, M. M. Menon, J. A. Moeller,b N. S. Ponte, P.M. Ryan, D. E. Schechter, W. L. Stirling, J. H. Whealton, R. E. Wright
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 4 | Number 2 | September 1983 | Pages 1424-1429
Magnet Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST83-A23056
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Multimegawatt neutral beams of hydrogen or deuterium atoms are needed for fusion machine applications such as MFTF-B, TFTR-U, DIII-U, and FED (INTOR or ETR). For these applications, a duoPIGatron ion source is being developed to produce high-brightness deuterium beams at a beam energy of ∼120 keV for pulse lengths up to 30 s. A long-pulse plasma generator with active water cooling has been operated at an arc level of 1200 A with 30-s pulse durations. The plasma density and uniformity are sufficient for supplying a 60-A beam of hydrogen ions to a 13- by 43-cm accelerator. A 10- by 25-cm tetrode accelerator has been operated to form 120-keV hydrogen ion beams. Using the two-dimensional (2-D) ion extraction code developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), a 13- by 43-cm tetrode accelerator has been designed and is being fabricated. The aperture shapes of accelerator grids are optimized for 120-keV beam energy.
