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The U.S. Million Person Study of Low-Dose-Rate Health Effects
There is a critical knowledge gap regarding the health consequences of exposure to radiation received gradually over time. While there is a plethora of studies on the risks of adverse outcomes from both acute and high-dose exposures, including the landmark study of atomic bomb survivors, these are not characteristic of the chronic exposure to low-dose radiation encountered in occupational and public settings. In addition, smaller cohorts have limited numbers leading to reduced statistical power.
R. W. Moir, J. D. Lee, M. S. Coops, F. J. Fulton, W. S. Neef, Jr., D. H. Berwald, R. B. Campbell, B. Flanders, J. K. Garner, N. Ghoniem (Consultant, UCLA), J. Ogren, Y. Saito, A. Slomovik, R. H. Whitley, K. R. Schultz, G. E. Benedict, E. T. Cheng, R. L. Creedon I. Maya, V. H. Pierce, J. B. Strand, C. P. C. Wong, J. S. Karbowski, R. P. Rose, J. H. Devan, P. Tortorelli, L. G. Miller, P. Y. S. Hsu, J. M. Beeston, N. J. Hoffman, D. L. Jassby
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 4 | Number 2 | September 1983 | Pages 589-598
Fusion System Studies | doi.org/10.13182/FST4-2P2-589
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Studies of the technical and economic feasibility of producing fissile fuel in tandem mirrors and in tokamaks for use in fission reactors are presented. Fission-suppressed fusion breeders promise unusually good safety features and can provide make-up fuel for 11 to 18 LWRs of equal nuclear power depending on the fuel cycle. The increased revenues from sales of both electricity and fissile material might allow the commercial application of fusion technology significantly earlier than would be possible with electricity production from fusion alone. Fast-fission designs might allow a fusion reactor with a smaller fusion power and a lower Q value to be economical and thus make this application of fusion even earlier. A demonstration reactor with a fusion power of 400 MW could produce 600 kg of fissile material per year at a capacity factor of 50%. The critical issues, for which small scale experiments are either being carried out or planned, are: 1) material compatibility, 2) beryllium feasibility, 3) MHD effects, and 4) pyrochemical reprocessing.