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Fusion Science and Technology
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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
Taha Houssine Zerguini
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 4 | Number 1 | July 1983 | Pages 54-63
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST83-A22774
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Sloshing ion distributions are a crucial feature in the end cells of recent tandem mirror reactor designs. They provide the ambipolar potentials that confine central ions and often have the function of making the electron thermal barrier with a potential shape that traps enough cold ions at the midplane for the stabilization of loss cone modes. A perturbation method is developed to find solutions of sloshing-ion distributions. This method uses an expansion in the ratio of electrostatic potential to average ion energy to simplify the bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck equation. The zero'th order equation obtained is separated into equations for the angular and velocity-dependent parts of the distribution function. An analytical solution of the angular equation is derived for small charge-exchange to ionization ratios. For any value of this ratio finite element techniques, which provide rapid numerical solutions for parametric studies of sloshing ions, are used to derive the angular and the velocity distribution functions. The density ratio and the ambipolar potential, as functions of axial distance, are computed from the angular distribution function. There is excellent agreement with results from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck code with as much as 500 times less CRAY-1 computer time.