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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Jonathan W. Morrow-Jones*, Marc A. Firestone, Tak Kuen Mau
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 32 | Number 4 | December 1997 | Pages 526-544
Technical Paper | Special Section: Plasma Control Issues for Tokamaks / Instrumentation Control and Data Handling | doi.org/10.13182/FST97-A19903
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The modeling steps needed to create dynamically based automated control of tokamak plasmas are traced. This involves integrating models of current/magnetic-flux dynamics; plasma transport; plasma geometry; and source terms, such as lower hybrid, fast wave, and pellet-fueling deposition. Perturbative analysis of these models then yields the linear response of the tokamak to changes in coil voltages, applied radio-frequency power, or pellet-firing frequency. Comparison of the linear response models to nonlinear numerical calculations reveals that the plasma position and shape modeling will require future refinements.