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Fusion Science and Technology
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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
G. Bellanger, J. J. Rameau
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 32 | Number 2 | September 1997 | Pages 196-219
Technical Paper | Tritium System | doi.org/10.13182/FST97-A19891
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To better understand the differences between R30003 alloy corrosion in tritiated water and in H2O, a detailed study was made of the oxide layers produced in the former medium. The R30003 alloy was selected because of its nuclear corrosion resistance and its hardness, ensuring leaktightness when assembled with soft alloys. The characteristics and morphology of the formed oxide were investigated in corrosion potential, passive, and passive-transpassive regions where breakdown occurs. With tritiated water, the repassive potential is slightly lower than that obtained with H2O. Consequently, localized corrosion, which leads to corrosion in oxide sublayers, is greater and is produced by the effects of excited radiolytic products formed by time-dependent O3H− diffusion into the oxide. If enough tritium decay energy is absorbed by the oxide layer, excited and ionized states of the oxide are formed. Thus, reactive radiolytic species and voids accumulate in a small volume below the oxide surface. Spreading of these voids causes oxide cracking, leading to peeling and wall formation. Mechanisms for both processes and the electrochemical properties are described. The majority of the ionic carriers are in the peels, contributing to oxide delamination and thus steel degradation.
