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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
H. Zhang, A. Ying, M. Abdou
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 64 | Number 3 | September 2013 | Pages 651-656
Test Blanket, Fuel Cycle, and Breeding | Proceedings of the Twentieth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (TOFE-2012) (Part 2) Nashville, Tennessee, August 27-31, 2012 | doi.org/10.13182/FST12-579
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A SiC-based flow channel insert (FCI) is used as an electrical and thermal insulator in the Dual Coolant Lead Lithium (DCLL) blanket. To reduce the stress of the FCI structural material, the pressure equalization slot (PES) is implemented in the FCI wall. However, the PES affects the tritium transfer behavior and loss rate. Therefore it is important to examine the tritium loss rate and ensure it remains below an allowable limit. In the present study, we analyze tritium transport and quantify the tritium loss rate in a front duct of the DCLL-type outboard blanket where PbLi moves poloidally. Three types of poloidal ducts have been considered: one without the PES, one with the PES in the wall parallel to the magnetic field and one with the PES in the wall perpendicular to the magnetic field. Tritium concentration fields are obtained by solving a fully 3-D problem with appropriate boundary conditions at various interfaces. Results show a high tritium concentration at the location of reversed flow when a PES was located in the wall parallel to the field. Furthermore, when any PES was introduced, the PES changed the velocity profiles and thus changed the tritium concentrations in the core and gaps, which increases the tritium losses from 1.244% to 1.413% under the calculation conditions.