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Fukiushima Daiichi: 10 years on
The Fukushima Daiichi site before the accident. All images are provided courtesy of TEPCO unless noted otherwise.
It was a rather normal day back on March 11, 2011, at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant before 2:45 p.m. That was the time when the Great Tohoku Earthquake struck, followed by a massive tsunami that caused three reactor meltdowns and forever changed the nuclear power industry in Japan and worldwide. Now, 10 years later, much has been learned and done to improve nuclear safety, and despite many challenges, significant progress is being made to decontaminate and defuel the extensively damaged Fukushima Daiichi reactor site. This is a summary of what happened, progress to date, current situation, and the outlook for the future there.
Teppei Otsuka, Tetsuo Tanabe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 54 | Number 2 | August 2008 | Pages 541-544
Technical Paper | Materials Interactions | dx.doi.org/10.13182/FST08-A1873
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Hydrogen release behaviors from the 8Cr2W stainless steel (RAF/M) around RT are examined by using tritium tracer techniques, and trapping effects of bulk and surface are discussed. In the overall release, three different release stages are clearly distinguished giving three different diffusion coefficients and release amounts which indicate the existence of different kinds of trapping. In addition, the appreciable amount of hydrogen (tritium) is trapped on the surface and/or surface oxides of RAF/M, but they are hardly released and show no influence on the overall hydrogen release behavior.At very low hydrogen concentration, almost all hydrogen atoms are trapped at the deepest trapping site, probably M23C6, and the sites are easily saturated. With increasing the hydrogen concentration, the shallower trapping sites are occupied. Remaining hydrogen atoms seem to be in normal (interstitial) sites, whose amount increases with the square root of the hydrogen loading pressure, but they are still influenced by trapping with lattice imperfections and/or grain boundaries.