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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Takeshi Muranaka, Nagayoshi Shima
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 54 | Number 1 | July 2008 | Pages 297-300
Technical Paper | Environment and Safety | doi.org/10.13182/FST08-A1817
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An electrolytic cell, essentially composed of a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) film and porous dimensionally stable electrodes (DSEs), was designed to reduce the electrolytic voltage in an electrolyzer. The device achieved a tritium recovery factor of 0.836±0.021 for a volume reduction factor of five when operated at a current of 6 A, while maintaining a water bath temperature below 2 °C. Sample and standard waters were simultaneously enriched by connecting two electrolytic cells in series. The sample water was first enriched using a commercially available apparatus with a large electrolytic current of 50 A until the volume in the sample water was reduced to approximately one fifth of the original volume. This "two-stage electrolysis" enrichment was applied to coastal seawaters from the Aomori prefecture. Tritium concentrations, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 Bq/L, were found, with a measurement error (i.e. a statistical error of one sigma) of ca. 10% of the obtained values.