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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Marco Ariola, Gianmaria De Tommasi, Didier Mazon, Didier Moreau, Fabio Piccolo, Alfredo Pironti, Filippo Sartori, Luca Zabeo, JET-EFDA Contributors
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 53 | Number 3 | April 2008 | Pages 789-805
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST08-A1735
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Advance tokamak scenarios are gaining more and more importance in operating tokamaks. These scenarios pose challenging control problems, since they require the simultaneous achievement of ambitious plasma parameters. The inherent coupling among the various variables calls for an integrated approach for the design of the controllers. This paper describes an example of integrated design recently implemented at JET: the control of plasma shape and boundary flux. After a brief description of the control problem, the paper focuses on the solution that has been adopted, presenting the technical details of the control scheme. The experimental results included in the paper are in agreement with the expected simulation results, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.