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Why should safeguards by design be a global effort?
Jeremy Whitlock
I can’t think of a more exciting time to be working in nuclear, with the diversity of advanced reactor development and increasing global support for nuclear in sustainable energy planning. But we can’t lose sight of the need to plan for efficient international safeguards at the same time.
Global nuclear deployment has been underpinned since 1970 by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), making it a key customer requirement for governments to demonstrate unequivocally that the technology is not being misused for weapons development.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has helped verify this commitment for more than 50 years, but it has never safeguarded many of the advanced reactors (and related fuel cycle processes) being developed today.
Kazuo Ogura, Kazumasa Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Kobari, Kiyoyuki Yambe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 1 | May 2013 | Pages 152-155
doi.org/10.13182/FST13-A16893
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Cylindrical surface waves (CSWs) and slow-wave instabilities of a rectangularly corrugated cylinder are numerically examined. CSWs are slow waves with upper cutoffs at the point. The upper cutoff frequency increases with increasing cylindrical radius R0. There are two types of higher-order CSWs: one is due to azimuthal standing waves and the other is due to radial standing waves in the corrugation. Both higher-order types of SWSs have lower cutoffs as well as upper cutoffs leading to pass and stop bands. Slow space charge and slow cyclotron modes of an annular beam exist, which excite the Cherenkov and slow cyclotron instabilities of CSWs, respectively. The growth rates of the higher-order CSWs are comparable to those of the fundamental SWSs.