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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
P. B. Mirkarimi, K. A. Bettencourt, N. E. Teslich, S. C. Peterson
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 63 | Number 2 | March-April 2013 | Pages 282-287
Technical Paper | Selected papers from 20th Target Fabrication Meeting, May 20-24, 2012, Santa Fe, NM, Guest Editor: Robert C. Cook | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-TFM20-34
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The equation of state (EOS) and other parameters at high pressures and low temperatures are of significant interest. One example is iron, where knowledge of the EOS at high pressure is needed to understand planetary interiors and planetary development. Targets are needed to perform these important measurements on experimental platforms such as Omega, National Ignition Facility (NIF), and the Z-machine. There is a need for thicker films for targets for the NIF and Z-machine platforms, which is technically challenging because of coating stress and other issues. We present results showing that we successfully sputter deposited stepped iron and tantalum films up to 90+ m thick for targets on NIF and have sputter deposited (unstepped) tantalum films over 1700 m (1.7 mm!) thick, which are desired for targets for Z-machine EOS experiments. This is generally made possible by the low stress achieved in the tantalum films (as low as 25 MPa). We will also report some process improvement achievements, such as a shaper roll-off for the Fe step edges, as well as some characterization results of the microstructure of the very thick films. For example, interruption of the growth with a brief ambient exposure appears to have a minor impact on the columnar grain growth.