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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Masaaki Satake, Kazuhisa Yuki, Hidetoshi Hashizume
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 4 | November 2007 | Pages 821-826
Technical Paper | Nuclear Analysis and Experiments | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1593
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In a liquid blanket system, MHD effect or low heat-transfer property of high Prandtl number fluid makes it difficult to remove high heat load, therefore utilization of ducts with inserted rods or sphere-packed pipes has been proposed to enhance the heat transfer. It is important to reveal influence of arrangement of the rods or spheres upon the heat transfer characteristics. In this study, the influence of a distance between two rods in wall-normal and streamwise directions upon the flow structures is clarified by numerical simulation. When the rod is approaching to another rod in the wall-normal direction, Karman's vortex street is disrupted. On the other hand, the distance between the rod and the wall is shorter than a certain value, a separation occurs on the wall and then the separation position does not move when the distance is much smaller than that value. Moreover, the pressure drop depends on the distance between two rods, and then there exists the minimum pressure drop. When the distance between the two rods becomes shorter in the streamwise direction, the wake behind the upstream rod changes from Karman's vortex street to twin vortexes and the pressure drop decreases. The turbulent kinetic energy near the wall in case of Karman's vortex street, which is generated by the upstream rod, is higher than that in case of twin vortex.