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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Ioana R. Cristescu, I. Cristescu, Ch. Day, M. Glugla, D. Murdoch
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | October 2007 | Pages 659-666
Technical Paper | The Technology of Fusion Energy - Tritium, Safety, and Environment | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1564
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
During plasma operation of ITER in the DT phase, tritium will be distributed in the different subsystems of the fuel cycle; tritium inventories within the systems are not constant, but vary as the gas moves through these systems during the burn and dwell periods. To evaluate the tritium content in each sub-system of the fuel cycle of ITER, a dynamic model for tritium inventory calculation was developed. The code reflects the design of each system in various degrees of detail; both the physical processes characteristics and in some cases the associated control systems are modeled. The amount of tritium needed for ITER operation has a direct impact on the tritium inventories within the fuel cycle subsystems. As ITER will function in pulses, the main characteristics that influence both the maximum value of tritium inventories in the systems and the rapid tritium recovery from the fuel cycle as necessary for refueling are discussed. Eventually the inventories in the Isotope Separation System (as the system with the highest tritium inventory) for short and long pulses and their dependence on the packing molar inventory are presented.