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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
T. Okamura, K. Katayama, K. Imaoka, Y. Uchida, M. Nishikawa, S. Fukada
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | October 2007 | Pages 645-648
Technical Paper | First Wall, Blanket, and Shield | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1562
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The erosion of carbon deposition layers by oxygen exposure and the desorpstion of hydrogen retained in the layers were investigated experimentally. Carbon deposition layers were formed by a sputtering method using hydrogen RF plasma. The layers were exposed to an argon gas with oxygen of 1013 Pa in the temperature range of 200-400°C. The erosion reaction progressed quickly within 10 minutes and then decelerated rapidly. The measurement of the outlet concentration revealed that most of the layer was eroded not as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide but as soot. Additionally, it was estimated that the soot was released from the carbon deposition layer with a large amount of hydrogen.
