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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Yuji Hatano, Andrei Busnyuk, Alexander Livshits, Yukio Nakamura, Masao Matsuyama
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | October 2007 | Pages 613-617
Technical Paper | First Wall, Blanket, and Shield | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1556
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In order to understand the capability of vanadium panels and membranes for fuel particle pumping at relatively low temperatures, absorption of neutral hydrogen atoms by vanadium sheet was examined at/below 350 °C under wide variety of experimental conditions. A niobium sheet kept at high temperature (420 °C) was used as a reference specimen. Sufficiently high absorption rates were obtained even at around room temperature in the range of incident fluxes from 1017 to 1021 m-2s-1. No noticeable reduction in absorption rates was observed up to the H retention level of 0.1 at%. The influence of CO and water vapor was negligibly small up to an exposure of 1023 m-2. Significant reduction in the absorption rate was observed only when an oxide film was formed on the surface by exposure to O2 to 1020 m-2 and to H2O over 1023 m-2 at room temperature.