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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
M. Kobayashi, N. Ohyabu, T. Mutoh, R. Kumazawa, Y. Feng, M. Shoji, T. Morisaki, S. Masuzaki, A. Sagara, R. Sakamoto, T. Seki, J. Miyazawa, T. Watanabe, M. Goto, K. Ideda, H. Kasahara, S. Morita, B. J. Peterson, N. Ashikawa, K. Saito, S. Sakakibara, T. Tokuzawa, Y. Nakamura, K. Narihara, I. Yamada, H. Yamada, A. Komori, O. Motojima, LHD Experimental Group
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | October 2007 | Pages 566-573
Technical Paper | The Technology of Fusion Energy - High Heat Flux Components | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1549
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The divertor performance of LHD is studied for the two configurations, LID and HD. It is shown that the both divertor configurations play important roles for obtaining high performance plasmas in LHD: the large pumping capability of the LID to keep the low edge density in the IDB-SDC plasma, the large wetted area and the flexibility of strike point sweep of HD to reduce the power load on the divertor plates in long pulse operations. The possible effect of the ergodic layer on impurity retention in divertor is discussed by using the 3D edge transport modelling. It is found that the drag force exerted by the plasma flow can dominate over the thermal force, providing the impurity retention effect. The further changes needed to improve the current divertor configurations are discussed. New divertor designs for the future upgrade of LHD and for a LHD-type reactor are presented.
