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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
L. Bromberg, J. H. Schultz, L. El-Guebaly, L. Waganer, ARIES Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 3 | October 2007 | Pages 422-426
Technical Paper | The Technology of Fusion Energy - Experimental Devices and Advanced Designs | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1524
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The complexity of Compact Stellarator (CS) coils made from brittle A15 SC alloys results in a challenging design. Three options of manufacturing the ARIES-CS coils are discussed. The first two options use high performance Nb3Sn superconductor, one with the wind-and-react method, the second with react-and-wind. The magnet protection design philosophies are different for the two winding methods. Wind-and-react uses high conductor current with external dump, while react-and-wind uses low conductor current with internal dump. The use of non-uniform internal quench is explored as a means to minimizing the requirements for internal dump for the case of react-and-wind. Cooling of the superconductor is also fundamentally different in the two cases, as the hydraulic path of the react-and-wind option requires low velocity He in a sheathed Rutherford-like cable, cooled by a heat exchanger in accessible regions. In the third design option, HTS superconductors are deposited directly on the structure, minimizing conductor movement. Coil protection techniques will be described.