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Fusion Science and Technology
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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
H. Zushi, K. Hanada, H. Idei, M. Hasegawa, K. Sasaki, R. Bhattacharyay, M. Sakamoto, K. Nakamura, K. N. Sato, S. Kawasaki, H. Nakashima, A. Higashijima
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 2 | August 2007 | Pages 240-249
Technical Paper | Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 1 | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1503
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Combined experiments with lower hybrid (LH) waves (LHWs) and electron cyclotron (EC) waves (ECWs) have been performed to study counter (ctr) current drive (CD) (ctr-CD) in LHCD plasma. Although there exists a large spectrum gap under the condition of the forward (FW) LHCD at high ratio (>13) of the thermal velocity and the phase velocity, the relativistic Doppler resonance for backward (BW) ECWs coupled with the energetic electrons streaming along the current direction is used to confirm that the gap in the opposite velocity region is also filled by BW LHWs and the counter current tends to be driven. Three experimental scenarios have been studied for ctr-CD by the following experiments: (a) BW-LHW injection into FW LHW, (b) BW-ECW injection into FW LHW, and (c) BW-ECW injection into bidirectional BW-LHCD and FW-LHCD plasma. A transition depending on the power ratio is observed in case (a). The Ohkawa current is discussed for the co-driven current observation for case (b). The role of the amount of the resonance electrons is understood as a function of the power ratio of BW LHW to FW LHW for case (c).