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Fusion Science and Technology
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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
G. Ramponi, D. Farina, M. A. Henderson, E. Poli, G. Saibene, H. Zohm
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 2 | August 2007 | Pages 193-201
Technical Paper | Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 1 | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1498
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The ability of ITER electron cyclotron (EC) wave launchers to drive localized current at various plasma locations is analyzed by means of beam-tracing codes, looking at extended physics application of EC current drive in ITER and at possible synergy between the two launchers. Calculations for an improved design of the upper launcher, based on four upper ports and front steering mirrors allowing both optimum focusing of the beams and an extended plasma deposition region, show that narrow, high peak current density profiles may be maintained over the radial range 0.4 p 0.9. Calculations for the equatorial launcher, where the control of the deposition location is achieved by varying the toroidal injection angle , point out that because of poor localization and incomplete power absorption at large toroidal angles ( > 40 deg), the power deposition and current drive location by this launcher is limited to p 0.55. Moreover, it is shown that performance close to the center can be improved with a poloidal tilt of the low and top front mirrors. The main aim of this study is to provide guidance to the design of both launchers in order to optimize their performance, depending on the physics application.