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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
G. Ramponi, D. Farina, M. A. Henderson, E. Poli, G. Saibene, H. Zohm
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 52 | Number 2 | August 2007 | Pages 193-201
Technical Paper | Electron Cyclotron Wave Physics, Technology, and Applications - Part 1 | doi.org/10.13182/FST07-A1498
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The ability of ITER electron cyclotron (EC) wave launchers to drive localized current at various plasma locations is analyzed by means of beam-tracing codes, looking at extended physics application of EC current drive in ITER and at possible synergy between the two launchers. Calculations for an improved design of the upper launcher, based on four upper ports and front steering mirrors allowing both optimum focusing of the beams and an extended plasma deposition region, show that narrow, high peak current density profiles may be maintained over the radial range 0.4 p 0.9. Calculations for the equatorial launcher, where the control of the deposition location is achieved by varying the toroidal injection angle , point out that because of poor localization and incomplete power absorption at large toroidal angles ( > 40 deg), the power deposition and current drive location by this launcher is limited to p 0.55. Moreover, it is shown that performance close to the center can be improved with a poloidal tilt of the low and top front mirrors. The main aim of this study is to provide guidance to the design of both launchers in order to optimize their performance, depending on the physics application.