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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
A. G. Lipson, B. F. Lyakhov, A. S. Roussetski, T. Akimoto, T. Mizuno, N. Asami, R. Shimada, S. Miyashita, A. Takahashi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 38 | Number 2 | September 2000 | Pages 238-252
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST00-A145
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Low-intensity nuclear emissions (neutrons and charged particles) due to exothermic deuterium desorption from Au/Pd/PdO heterostructure loaded with deuterium by electrolysis have been studied by NE213 neutron detection as well as SSB and CR-39 charged-particle detectors in low-background conditions with large statistics. Similar measurements were performed with the Au/Pd/PdO:H heterostructure as a control. It has been established that in experiments with the Au/Pd/PdO:D system, the excessive 2.45-MeV neutrons and 3.0-MeV protons are better detected than with the Au/Pd/PdO:H system, where those detection rates for n and p did not exceed the cosmic background level. The levels of neutron and proton emissions for 40- to 60-m-thick samples are found to be close to one another and after subtracting background (Au/Pd/PdO:H count rate) consist of In = (19 ± 2)10-3 n/s and Ip = (4.0 ± 1.0)10-3 p/s in a 4 solid angle, respectively. These yields of D-D reaction products in Au/Pd/PdO heterostructure comply with the mean D-D reaction rate of dd ~ 10-23s-1 per D-D pair.