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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
E. H. Lundgren, A. C. Forsman, M. L. Hoppe, K. A. Moreno, A. Nikroo
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 51 | Number 4 | May 2007 | Pages 576-580
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST51-756
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We have successfully fabricated 2 mm beryllium targets pressurized with a gas mixture of ~20 atm deuterium and ~0.1 atm argon. These targets have been used for indirect drive Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments on the Z-pinch machine at Sandia National Laboratories leading to record neutron yields of ~3.5 × 1011 [J.E. Bailey, et al., "Be Capsule Implosions Driven by Dynamic Hohlraum X-rays," Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 51, 107 (2006)]. This paper will discuss the process of fabricating such targets from intact shells (Be sputter coated CH mandrels). These processes include laser drilling a ~6 m diameter fill hole in a shell, removing the CH mandrel by pyrolysis, pressurizing the target with a deuterium/argon gas mixture and sealing the fill hole using UV glue while under pressure. The targets were characterized for gas pressure and deuterium gas permeation half-life by utilizing techniques including mass spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and controlled shell bursting.